Elves were discovered in 1992 by a low-light video camera on the Space Shuttle. Scientists believe elves result when an energetic electromagnetic pulse extends up into the ionosphere. They last less than a thousandth of a second, and occur above areas of active cloud to ground lightning. To analyze conditions for sprite generation, thunderstorm electric field arising just after positive cloud-to-ground stroke is compared with the thresholds for. Other types include: blue jets and elves. The preferred usage is transient luminous event (TLE). Blue jets last a fraction of a second and have been witnessed by pilots.Įlves are rapidly expanding disk-shaped regions of glowing that can be up to 300 miles across. A RARE transient luminous event red sprites TLEs may be rare and not very well understood, but they can be captivating. Upper-atmospheric lightning is believed to be electrically induced forms of luminous plasma. They extend up in narrow cones fanning out and disappearing at heights of 25-35 miles. They are rarely seen with the human eye, so they are most often imaged with highly sensitive cameras.īlue jets emerge from the top of the thundercloud, but are not directly associated with cloud-to-ground lighting. Because sprites are not very bright, they can only be seen at night. Short-lived luminous electrical manifestations formed in the upper regions of the atmosphere above large thunderstorms. Sprites are mostly red and usually last no more than a few seconds, and their shapes are described as resembling jellyfish, carrots, or columns. They can extend up to 60 miles from the cloud top. They usually happen at the same time as powerful positive CG lightning strokes. Red Sprites can appear directly above an active thunderstorm as a large but weak flash. For many years it has been suggested that transient luminous events (TLE) occurring over thunderstorms may produce significant modifications to neutral. The most common TLE's include red sprites, blue jets, and elves. Sprites were predicted to exist in 1925, and there had been reports of strange flashes above thunderclouds for centuries before that, but the first image of a sprite wasn’t captured until 1989.
Large thunderstorms are capable of producing other kinds of electrical phenomena called transient luminous events (TLE's). A sprite is a type of transient luminous event a light emission that happens as a result of the electric fields created during a strong thunderstorm.
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